-
Research Article
Extraction of Avocado Seed Oil with Ethanol and N-hexane Using CaCO3 as Coadjuvant: Optimization and Characterization
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
34-45
Received:
11 June 2025
Accepted:
27 June 2025
Published:
2 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaic.20250802.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the impacts of addition of CaCO3 as a coadjuvant in oil yield from Avocado Pear seed in a soxhlet extraction apparatus with ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize parameters influencing oil yield during solvent extraction. A Box Behnken design with three factors: concentration of CaCO3 (1, 1.5, 2%), extraction time (90, 145, 180 min), and extraction temperature (25, 35, 45°C) was utilized for the optimization process. The linear model provided the most accurate fit to the experimental data with determination coefficient (R2) value of 0.8273. The optimized yield of avocado oil was 4.2343% for n-hexane and 6.8156% for ethanol. The fatty acids present in the oil were determined using gas chromatography, and oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid. The values of main physiochemical properties evaluated were: Light Honey brown, Honey brown – colour; Fruity odour, Fruity odour – odour; 150.0114mgKOH/g, 67.32mgKOH/g – saponification value; 1.1809506%, 1.864302% – free fatty acid; 44.892mgI/g, 65.736mgI/g – iodine value; 1.95%, 1.17% – Moisture content; 5.07, 5.04 – pH and 0.291 meq/kg, 0.558 meq/kg – peroxide value for n-hexane and ethanol solvents, respectively. The oil high saponification value and low iodine value makes it applicable in soap making industries, as lubricant in industrial machine and as a stabilizer in other industrial process.
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the impacts of addition of CaCO3 as a coadjuvant in oil yield from Avocado Pear seed in a soxhlet extraction apparatus with ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize parameters influencing oil yield during solvent extraction. A Box Behnken design with three factors: conc...
Show More
-
Research Article
Development of Geopolymer Cement Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Application in Oil and Gas Well Cementing
Oluwasanmi Samuel Teniola*,
Ebenezer Leke Odekanle,
Felix Arome Iyalla,
Mazeed Saka
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
46-52
Received:
22 April 2025
Accepted:
3 May 2025
Published:
2 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaic.20250802.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: As the oil and gas industry moves towards sustainable solutions, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional Portland cement, a major CO2 emitter, are essential. Sugarcane bagasse ash-based geopolymer presents a promising option, also addressing agricultural waste management issues. In this work, sugarcane baggase was collected, washed, dried and ashed to obtain the baggase ash required for the sample formation. A total of 24 samples were prepared and they were tested for density, rheology, pH, fluid loss and compressive strength. Eight of the samples were formed using 10M NaOH (SCBA 1–8), another set of eight samples were formed using 5M NaOH (SCBA 9–16), while the remaining set of eight were formed using ordinary Portland cement OPC (OPC 1–8). Results from slurry density and rheology tests revealed that geopolymer samples had higher density, plastic viscosity, yield point, and pH compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), but with lower fluid loss and less filter cake formation. However, geopolymers cement exhibited rapid gelation at high temperatures. The compressive strength of Sugarcane Bagasse-based geopolymer cement increased with temperature, indicating stronger cement for deeper drilled holes. However, the strength decreased over time with higher NaOH concentrations, highlighting that cement must be formulated for specific applications.
Abstract: As the oil and gas industry moves towards sustainable solutions, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional Portland cement, a major CO2 emitter, are essential. Sugarcane bagasse ash-based geopolymer presents a promising option, also addressing agricultural waste management issues. In this work, sugarcane baggase was collected, washed, dried and ashe...
Show More
-
Review Article
Turning Waste into Clarity: A Review of Sugarcane Bagasse-Based Activated Carbon in Juice Purification
Wabi Reggasa Bogale*
,
Gemechu Duguma Argessa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
53-67
Received:
18 October 2025
Accepted:
30 October 2025
Published:
9 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaic.20250902.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The extraction of table sugar, predominantly sourced from sugarcane and sugar beet, necessitates the intricate separation of sucrose from various non-sugar components through elaborate clarification and purification techniques. Activated carbon (AC) is widely acknowledged for its remarkable adsorption capabilities, making it an effective agent for eliminating impurities from aqueous solutions, including sugarcane juice. However, the high costs associated with the production and regeneration of commercial activated carbon underscore the need for developing affordable and sustainable alternatives derived from agricultural by-products. In this regard, sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulosic residue generated during sugar processing, emerges as a plentiful and cost-effective precursor for activated carbon synthesis. The studies reviewed predominantly utilize two-step activation processes that combine chemical and physical methods to enhance the textural and adsorptive characteristics of the produced carbon materials. Critical activation parameters, such as carbonization temperature, impregnation ratio, and activation duration, play a significant role in determining the surface area, pore structure, and adsorption performance of the final product. Although activated carbon has a wide range of applications, there is a notable scarcity of research specifically addressing its function in the clarification of sugarcane juice. Preliminary findings indicate that activated carbon derived from sugarcane bagasse possesses a greater surface area and total pore volume compared to other biomass sources, leading to enhanced efficiency in color and impurity removal. Consequently, this review emphasizes the potential of sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon as a sustainable and economical clarifying agent for sugarcane juice, advocating for further investigation to refine its use as a viable alternative to traditional chemical flocculants.
Abstract: The extraction of table sugar, predominantly sourced from sugarcane and sugar beet, necessitates the intricate separation of sucrose from various non-sugar components through elaborate clarification and purification techniques. Activated carbon (AC) is widely acknowledged for its remarkable adsorption capabilities, making it an effective agent for ...
Show More
